The White Duck

The White Duck
The White Duck
	The tsar captures the white duck in his hands. Illustration from The Yellow Fairy Book (1894).
Folk tale
Name	The White Duck
Aarne–Thompson grouping	ATU 403 (The White and the Black Bride)
Country	Russia
Origin Date	1858
Published in	Narodnye russkie skazki by Alexander Afanasyev

The White Duck (Russian: Белая уточка) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in Narodnye russkie skazki.^[1] Andrew Lang included it in The Yellow Fairy Book.^[2]

Synopsis

A king had to leave his newly-wed wife for a journey. He sternly warned her against leaving the women's quarters and listening to bad advice. But an envious wicked witch lured her into the garden and into a pool, and turned her into a white duck, herself taking the queen's own form and place.

Meanwhile, the white duck built a nest, laid three eggs, and hatched two fluffy ducklings and one little drake. She warned them against the castle, because an evil witch lived there, but one day the witch saw them and lured them inside. The ducklings slept but the drake stayed awake, and when the witch called if they were asleep, the drake answered. But after two answers, the witch went in to see, and saw the ducklings were asleep, so she killed them.

The white duck found the bodies and lamented over them. The king wondered at it, and although the witch tried to persuade him it was nothing but quacking, he ordered that the duck be captured. His servants could not, but he went himself, and she flew to his hands and became a woman. She told of a bottle in the nest in the garden—or, they sent a magpie for magic water—which, sprinkled on the ducklings and drake, turned them into three lovely children. The witch was then put to death through dismemberment and nothing remained of her.

Translations

The tale was also translated "from the Skazki" of Petr Polevoi by Robert Nisbet Bain;^[3] as The White Duckling by Nathan Haskell Dole,^[4] and as The Little White Duck by professor Jack V. Haney.^[5]

Analysis

Tale type

Soon after he developed his classification of folktales, Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne published, in 1912, a study on the collections of the Brothers Grimm, Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn, Danish folklorist Svend Grundtvig, Swiss scholar Laura Gonzenbach and Afanasyev. According to this primary system, developed in 1910, the tale fits type 403, "The White and the Black Bride": the antagonist throws the maiden in the water and takes her place as the hero's bride; the maiden transforms into a dove or a type of water fowl (duck, goose).^[6]

Russian scholarship classifies the tale as type 403, "Подмененная жена" ("The Transformed Wife"), of the East Slavic Folktale Classification (Russian: СУС, romanized: SUS): the heroine is enchanted into duck form by her stepmother and replaced by the witch.^[7]

References

^ Афанасьев, Александр Николаевич. Народныя русскія сказки [Russian folk tales] (in Russian). Vol. 4. pp. 140–143. hdl:2027/coo.31924087972000. OCLC 844585712.
^ The White Duck from The Yellow Fairy Book.
^ Polevoi, Petr. Russian fairy tales from the Russian of Polevoi. Translated by R. Nisbet Bain. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.. 1915. pp. 159-165.
^ Dole, Nathan Haskell. The Russian Fairy Book. Cambridge, the University Press, 1907. pp. 81-90.
^ Haney, Jack V. (2015). The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 356–358. ISBN 978-1-4968-0278-1. Project MUSE book 42506.
^ Aarne, Antti. Übersicht der mit dem Verzeichnis der Märchentypen in den Sammlungen Grimms, Grundtvigs, Afanasjews, Gonzenbachs und Hahns übereinstimmenden Märchen. FFC 10. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Kustantama, 1912. p. 9. [1]
^ Barag, Lev. "Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка". Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 129.

External links

The White Duck
"Proppian Analysis of The White Duck"
The full text of Белая уточка at Wikisource

[1] Афанасьев, Александр Николаевич. Народныя русскія сказки [Russian folk tales] (in Russian). Vol. 4. pp. 140–143. hdl:2027/coo.31924087972000. OCLC 844585712.

[2] The White Duck from The Yellow Fairy Book.

[3] Polevoi, Petr. Russian fairy tales from the Russian of Polevoi. Translated by R. Nisbet Bain. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.. 1915. pp. 159-165.

[4] Dole, Nathan Haskell. The Russian Fairy Book. Cambridge, the University Press, 1907. pp. 81-90.

[5] Haney, Jack V. (2015). The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 356–358. ISBN 978-1-4968-0278-1. Project MUSE book 42506.

[6] Aarne, Antti. Übersicht der mit dem Verzeichnis der Märchentypen in den Sammlungen Grimms, Grundtvigs, Afanasjews, Gonzenbachs und Hahns übereinstimmenden Märchen. FFC 10. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Kustantama, 1912. p. 9. [1]

[7] Barag, Lev. "Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка". Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 129.

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v t e Russian fairy tales
Key articles	Skazka Bylina Folklore of Russia Alexander Afanasyev Alexander Pushkin
Tales in Narodnye russkie skazki collected by Afanasyev	"Koschei the Immortal" "Vasilisa the Beautiful" "Vasilisa the Priest's Daughter" "Father Frost" "Sister Alenushka and Brother Ivanushka" "The Frog Princess" "Vasilii the Unlucky" "The White Duck" "The Princess Who Never Smiled" "The Wicked Sisters" "The Twelve Dancing Princesses" "The Magic Swan Geese" "The Feather of Finist the Falcon" "Tsarevitch Ivan, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf" "The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life" "Go I Know Not Whither and Fetch I Know Not What" "The Golden Slipper" "The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa" "The Wise Little Girl" "The Armless Maiden" "The Gigantic Turnip" "Storm-Bogatyr, Ivan the Cow's Son" "Emelya the Simpleton/At the Pike's Behest" "The Fiend" "The Lute Player" "The Language of the Birds" "The Maiden Tsar" "The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise" "The Norka" "Dawn, Midnight and Twilight" "Verlioka" "Sivko-Burko" "Donotknow"
Tales by Pushkin	"Ruslan and Ludmila" "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel"
Other	"The Little Humpbacked Horse" "The Scarlet Flower" "The Snow Maiden" "The Hairy Man" "King Kojata" "The Tale About Baba-Yaga" "The Wonderful Birch" "The Girl as Soldier" "Green-Vanka"